Shivaratri, or “the Night of Lord Shiva,” is one of the most significant Hindu festivals celebrated with immense fervor and devotion across Nepal. This auspicious occasion, dedicated to Lord Shiva, the destroyer and transformer in the Hindu Trinity, holds a special place in the hearts of Nepalese people. The festival, which usually falls in the month of Falgun (February or March), attracts thousands of devotees, including pilgrims from India and other countries, to the sacred Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu. Shivaratri is not just a religious event; it is a cultural phenomenon that showcases the rich spiritual heritage and communal harmony of Nepal.
The Significance of Shivaratri
Shivaratri marks the convergence of Shiva and Shakti, the masculine and feminine energies that balance the universe. According to Hindu mythology, it is believed that on this night, Lord Shiva performed the Tandava, the cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction. Another popular legend states that Shivaratri is the night when Lord Shiva drank the poison that emerged during the churning of the ocean (Samudra Manthan) to save the world, turning his throat blue and earning him the name “Neelkanth.”
For devotees, Shivaratri is a time for introspection, penance, and seeking blessings for spiritual growth and liberation (moksha). It is believed that observing a fast, staying awake all night, and offering prayers to Lord Shiva on this day can cleanse one’s sins and lead to divine grace.
Preparations for Shivaratri
The preparations for Shivaratri begin weeks in advance, especially in the Pashupatinath Temple complex, which is the epicenter of the celebrations in Nepal. The temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the most sacred shrines of Lord Shiva in the world. The government, local authorities, and temple committees work tirelessly to ensure that the festival runs smoothly, given the massive influx of devotees.
Streets leading to Pashupatinath are decorated with colorful lights, banners, and flowers. Temporary shelters, food stalls, and medical camps are set up to accommodate the pilgrims. Sadhus (Hindu ascetics) from across Nepal and India start arriving days before the festival, setting up camps around the temple. Their presence adds a unique spiritual aura to the celebrations, as they engage in meditation, yoga, and religious discourses.
The Day of Shivaratri
On the day of Shivaratri, the atmosphere in Nepal is electric. Devotees, dressed in traditional attire, throng the Pashupatinath Temple and other Shiva shrines across the country. The temple opens early in the morning, and long queues of devotees can be seen waiting for hours to offer their prayers. The main rituals include bathing the Shiva Lingam (the symbolic representation of Lord Shiva) with milk, honey, water, and bel leaves, followed by the application of vermilion and sandalwood paste. Devotees also offer fruits, flowers, and incense sticks as a mark of their devotion.
One of the highlights of Shivaratri is the Maha Rudra Abhishek, a grand ritual performed by priests at Pashupatinath Temple. This elaborate ceremony involves chanting Vedic mantras and offering various sacred items to the deity. The temple premises resonate with the sounds of bells, conch shells, and devotional songs, creating a divine ambiance.
The Nightlong Vigil
The essence of Shivaratri lies in the nightlong vigil (Jagaran) observed by devotees. It is believed that staying awake and meditating on Lord Shiva throughout the night brings blessings and fulfills wishes. The Pashupatinath Temple remains open all night, and devotees engage in singing bhajans (devotional songs), chanting “Om Namah Shivaya,” and listening to religious discourses.
Sadhus, with their ash-smeared bodies and matted hair, play a significant role in the nightlong celebrations. Many of them can be seen performing intense penances, such as standing on one leg or meditating for hours. Some even consume cannabis, which is traditionally associated with Lord Shiva and is allowed on this day as part of the ritual. The sight of thousands of devotees and sadhus gathered around bonfires, sharing stories and spiritual experiences, is truly mesmerizing.
Cultural and Social Aspects
Shivaratri is not just a religious festival; it is also a celebration of Nepalese culture and traditions. The festival brings people from all walks of life together, transcending caste, creed, and social status. It is a time for families and communities to come together, share meals, and participate in the festivities.